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The History of Black History Month
Compiled by the DiversityInc staff - Feb 2, 2009
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As Black History Month begins, it is essential that we remember the man who made this month possible, Carter G. Woodson. As a historian, Woodson always had a deep connection to the study of history--especially Black history. He strongly believed that in order for African Americans to be successful in their future, they needed to know that it was also their contributions that helped to build this nation. Therefore, in 1915, he became a member of what is now known as the Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, and in 1926 he began Black History Week. The week was intended for the observation of the birthday of Frederick Douglass and to honor the great contributions of African Americans to the United States. The week was so well received that it was eventually extended to a month.

Facts

  • Black residents make up 13.5 percent of the U.S. population.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • The largest U.S. populations of Blacks are in Mississippi (38 percent) and in Louisiana (32 percent).
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • Blacks are the largest minority group in 23 states--Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. They are also the largest in the District of Columbia.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • In 2007, 2.4 million Blacks were military veterans in the United States, making them the largest traditionally underrepresented group among military veterans.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • In the fall of 2006, 2.3 million college students were Black--an increase of 1 million from 15 years prior.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • Black-owned businesses totaled 1.2 million in 2002 and grossed $88.6 billion in revenue in 2002.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)
  • Twenty-seven percent of Blacks ages 16 and older work in management, professional and related occupations: 49,730 Black physicians and surgeons, 70,620 postsecondary teachers, 49,050 lawyers and 57,720 chief executives.
    (U.S. Census Bureau)

People

Government

  • The first Black appointed governor was P.B.S. Pinchback, who served in Louisiana from Dec. 9, 1872, to Jan. 13, 1873.
  • The first Black elected governor was Joseph Rainey; the first Black female U.S. representative was Shirley Chisholm, congresswoman from New York from 1969 to 1983.
  • The first Black U.S. senator was Hiram Revels in Mississippi, from Feb. 25, 1870, to March 4, 1871. Carol Moseley Braun became the first Black woman senator serving from 1992 to 1998 in Illinois. (There has been a total of five Black senators in U.S. history; the remaining three are Blanche K. Bruce (1875--1881), Edward William Brooke (1967--1979) and Barack Obama (as of 2005).
  • The first Black U.S. Secretary of State was Gen. Colin Powell, 2001-2004. The first Black female Secretary of State was Condoleezza Rice in 2005.
  • Sen. Barack Obama became the first Black person to be nominated as a major party nominee for president and became the first Black person to be elected president of the United States.

Law

  • The first Black editor of the Harvard Law Review was Charles Hamilton Houston, in 1919. Barack Obama became the first Black president of the Harvard Law Review.
  • The first Black U.S. Supreme Court Justice was Thurgood Marshall, 1967--1991. Clarence Thomas became the second Black person to serve on the court in 1991.

Diplomacy

  • The first Black Nobel Peace Prize winner was Ralph J. Bunche, who received the prize in 1950 for mediating the Arab-Israeli truce.

Military

  • The first Black casualty of the American Revolutionary War was Crispus Attucks.
  • The first Black chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was Colin Powell, from 1989 to 1993.

Scholarship

  • The first Black Rhodes Scholar was Alain L. Locke in 1907.
  • The first Black person to receive a Ph.D. was Edward A. Bouchet from Yale University.

Medicine & Science

  • The inventor of the blood bank, a Black man, was Charles Drew.
  • Daniel Hale Williams performed the first successful open-heart surgery and organized the first Black hospital, Provident Hospital.

Literature

  • The first Black woman Nobel Prize winner for literature was Toni Morrison in 1993.
  • The first Black Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry was Gwendolyn Brooks in 1950.

Entertainment

  • The first Black male Grammy award winner was Count Basie in 1958 for Best Jazz Performance, Group and Best Performance by a Dance Band for his album "Basie."
  • The first Black person to win an Academy Award was Hattie McDaniel in 1940 for Best Supporting Actress in "Gone with the Wind."

Sports

  • The first Black Olympic medalist was George Poage in 1904. He won two bronze medals for the 200- and 400-meter hurdles.
  • The first Black tennis champion was Althea Gibson, who was the first Black woman to compete on the world tennis tour and to win a Grand Slam title.

Miscellaneous

  • The first Black millionaire was Madame C. J. Walker.
  • The first Black billionaire was Robert Johnson, owner of Black Entertainment Television.

Civil-Rights Heroes

  • Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger and was arrested. Her arrest was a catalyst for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which eventually would lead to the racial integration of public transportation.
  • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great civil-rights leader and leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott who advocated peace. His efforts would have a powerful impact on improving the status of Blacks in the United States.
  • Thurgood Marshall was the first Black U.S. Supreme Court judge and was a civil-rights lawyer who helped to win the Brown vs. Board of Education case, which integrated public education in the United States.
  • The Little Rock Nine, after a strenuous and life-threatening battle, were the first Blacks to attend an all-white high school in Little Rock, Ark. Although racial segregation in the public school system was outlawed by this time, many public schools were not honoring the law.

Readers' Comments

Your opinions and thoughts...
Posted Monday Feb 2, 2009 by Guest;

W.E.B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey discussed the same economic issues that we are dealing with today. We as black people make up one of the largest consumer groups in the country but why we have not translated that into ownership on a broad scale? Most the (23) major cities cites in this article have extremely high crime rates; sub-standard school and declining infrastructures that all spin the vast majority of our young men into drug dealing and other petty criminal offenses; therefore we over-populate the prisons. The slaves who perservered gave us life, the people who picketed and marched created opportunities for us. What will be our legacy for the next generation? This and many other issues of the day were discussed and in the early 1900's and they have yet to be resolved?

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Posted Monday Feb 2, 2009 by Guest;

This is a wonderful article. I will definitely take this article and present it to my church youth group

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Posted Tuesday Feb 3, 2009 by Guest;

I was just discussing with a co-worker how it seems that media and print publications have not really been highlighting the achievements of African-Americans as they did when I was going to elementary and high school. I remember that I could not wait to February to see Roots or go to a Black History Program. This was a wonderful article and I will definitely pass it on.

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Posted Tuesday Feb 3, 2009 by Guest;

Another Black History International Fact and a celebration for all Black Women.

Angie Brooks - Became the first black woman to serve as president of the United Nations General Assembly. Here is an article on her rise to this historic position from the UN Chronicle.

President of the General Assembly. Angie E. Brooks' tenure with the United Nations was the culmination of a lifetime of hardship and hard work. Unlike Mrs. Pandit, who was born with a silver spoon in her mouth, Ms. Brooks was one of nine children of a "back-country minister of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church". She grew up in a foster home as her parents were too poor to support her. After studying law through a tutor, she was admitted to Shaw University in North Carolina. Unable to pay for travelling expenses, she showcased the beginnings of her lifelong tenacity by personally entreating the President of Liberia for funding. "In Liberia, the President's office is open to all … I kept plaguing [President William V. S. Tubman]. I heard he likes to walk at six [a.m.], so early one morning I went to see him."2 Her repeated requests finally paid off and she received the necessary funds to study in the United States.

After working with the Justice Department of Liberia, Ms. Brooks was appointed in the delegation to the United Nations in 1954, just as Mrs. Pandit's tenure was ending. She continued serving for the next two decades, culminating in her own appointment as the twenty-fourth General Assembly President in 1969. Mrs. Brooks had an illustrious career with the United Nations. In 1956, she served as Vice-Chairman of the Assembly's Fourth Committee, which monitored the state of colonial and non-self-governing territories. Six years later, she became Chairman of the United Nations Commission for Rwanda-Burundi, followed in 1964 with a chairmanship in the UN visiting mission to the pre-independent Pacific Islands. In 1965, she was Vice-President, and the following year President, of the Trusteeship Council-the UN watchdog over its trust territories. She was the first woman and the first African to serve in this capacity.

In her opening speech as Assembly President, Ms. Brooks did not spare the Organization her criticism: "The UN … has suffered a decline in prestige in recent years because of its lack of dynamism. Our weakness … seems to lie in the fact that we all too often view world affairs somewhat parochially, as if they were being played out at the Headquarters on the East River of New York. We have sometimes failed to realize that neither oratory nor agreements between delegates, nor even resolutions or recommendations, have had much impact on the course of affairs in the world at large." Mrs. Brooks' legacy lay in her "mixture of feminine charm and shrewd diplomacy".2 She was adept at getting her point across without much diplomatic sidestepping and was not averse giving her fellow delegates a "straightforward" and "motherly" scolding. After representing her country in the United Nations, she served as a Justice on Liberia's Supreme Court.

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Posted Tuesday Feb 3, 2009 by Guest;

Thank You for this email. It is very informational and educational.

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Posted Tuesday Feb 3, 2009 by Guest;

you are right on time. I am preaching on this subject in arkansas soon and as always the topic had to have something to verify it to me. Thanks a million, the topic is to be preached.

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Posted Tuesday Feb 3, 2009 by Guest;

I would like to thank you for this article. I printed it out and had my two children read it. They are ages 12 and 81/2.

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Posted Thursday Feb 5, 2009 by Guest;

This is a great summary which I plan to share with my 16 year old son, whose father is a scientist. So of course I noticed your summary left out many significant inventors: Benjamin Banneker (wooden clock); Elijah McCoy ("the real McCoy" oil-dripping cup); Lewis Latimer (carbon filament in the light bulb); Granville Woods (electric train); Sarah Goode (1st black women to receive a U.S. patent for a cabinet bed);Dr. Patricia. E. Bath (created a laser-based device to perform cataracts surgery); and President Obama, has Donna Auguste to thank for his Blackberry, she headed the team of engineers whose work led to today's PDA's. Perhaps you kept the list short because there are almost too many to fit in any brief summary.

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Posted Friday Oct 16, 2009 by Guest;
Thanks for the excellant piece you have provided here. it is important to remember the names and dates of our own history and to also share this with those of us who may not be informed. I would encourage us all to pass this info along...it is a small but impactful practice that we all must do in order to spread the truth..

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