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Obama Vs. Bush: Scorecard on Cabinet Diversity
By Sam Ali - Nov 4, 2009
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Also read: women, government diversity, Latino, Sonia Sotomayor

President Obama can't seem to catch a break. Poor guy can't even shoot a game of hoops at the White House without being castigated by one group for not including another.

His administration is too white, some say. Too male, others argue. He doesn't have enough women in top Cabinet-level jobs. He doesn't have enough Blacks or Latinos in the White House press office. Well, we decided to see just how Obama's Cabinet stacks up against his predecessor's initial lineup in terms of racial, ethnic and gender diversity.

Bush's administration, which included the appointments of retired Army General Colin Powell and Dr. Condoleezza Rice as secretary of state, both Black, was one of the most diverse in history.

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To learn more about effective talent development, read these articles on DiversityIncBestPractices.com.

What our analysis revealed: Bush will have to relinquish his title. The nation's first Black president is now the reigning champ of the most diverse Cabinet in history. In fact, Obama's Cabinet appointments beat Bush's initial Cabinet appointments hands down in terms of racial/ethnic/gender diversity on nearly all counts, with women and Asians faring the best.

Of the 23 key Cabinet-level positions in Obama's administration, 10, or 43 percent, are filled by white men. Four of the top jobs, or 17 percent, are filled by white women—former Sen. Hillary Clinton, former Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius, economist Christina Romer and former Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano.

Three positions, or 13 percent, are filled by Asian Americans (former Washington Gov. Gary Locke, Gen. Eric K. Shinseki and Nobel Prize winner Steven Chu). Two out of the 23 appointments, or 8 percent, are filled by Latinos (former Sen. Ken Salazar and former Rep. Hilda L. Solis). And four jobs, or 18 percent, are filled by Blacks (Eric H. Holder Jr., Susan E. Rice, Lisa P. Jackson and former Dallas Mayor Ron Kirk).

Looked at through this lens, Obama's administration does indeed seem top-heavy when it comes to white men. But pure numbers don't tell the whole story here.

In fact, less than half, or 43 percent, of Obama's Cabinet appointments are white and male, compared with Bush, who had 52 percent.

Similarly, 30 percent of Obama's Cabinet appointments are women and 39 percent are Black, Latino and Asian, while women comprised only 21 percent of Bush's initial Cabinet appointments, and Blacks, Latinos and Asians were 30 percent.

Asians are heavily represented in the Obama administration. Three departments, including Commerce, Energy and Veterans Affairs, are all filled by Asian-American men. When you factor in Obama's nine-member White House staff, his representation numbers get even better.

After Obama's now infamous all-male basketball game, NOW President Terry O'Neill chastised Obama in a television interview, saying it was "extremely important, now especially, for the president to have as many women as men in his closest circle of advisers."

To be fair, four of Obama's closest and most trusted White House senior advisers are women, including Valerie Jarrett and Mona Sutphen, who are both Black, Nancy-Ann Deparle, who is of Chinese ancestry, and Carol Browner, who is white.

Below is a list of Obama's 23 key Cabinet appointments compared with Bush's initial Cabinet appointments, when he was first elected in 2001.

 

1. NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER

Bush: Condoleezza Rice (2001–2005) was the first woman—and the first Black woman—appointed national security adviser.

Obama: Obama's pick, Marine General James L. Jones (2009–present) is a white man.

As part of the Reagan administration in 1987, Colin Powell was the first Black person named to this post.

2. WHITE HOUSE COUNSEL

Bush: Alberto Gonzales, the first Latino to hold the job (2001–2005), Harriet Miers, (2005–2007) and Fred Fielding (2007–2009).

Obama: Washington lawyer Greg Craig is white.

Former President Bill Clinton gets honors for appointing the first woman, Beth Nolan, a law professor, to the job.

3. SECERTARY OF STATE

Bush: Colin Powell (2001–2005) was the first Black person in this office and Condoleezza Rice (2005–2009) was the first Black woman.

Obama: Hillary Clinton (2009–present) is white.

Former President Clinton appointed the first woman, Madeleine Albright, to the position in 1996.

4. DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY

Bush: Paul O'Neill (2001–2003), John Snow (2003–2006) and Henry Paulson (2006–2009), all white men.

Obama: Tim Geithner (2009–present) is another white man.

Historically, only white men have held this office.

5. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Bush: Donald Rumsfeld (2001–2006) and Robert Gates (2006–2009).

Obama: Robert Gates (2009–present)

Only white men have been appointed to this Cabinet position.

6. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE/ATTORNEY GENERAL

Bush: John Ashcroft (2001–2005), Michael Mukasey (2005–2007),

Alberto Gonzales (2007–2009, first Latino to hold the position).

Obama: Washington lawyer Eric Holder is the nation's first Black attorney general.

Former President Clinton appointed the first woman, Janet Reno, in 1993 to serve as attorney general.

7. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

Bush: Gale Norton (2001–2006) was the first woman to hold this position.

Obama: Ken Salazar (2009–present) is the second Latino to hold this post.

Former President George H. W. Bush appointed the first Latino to the post, Manuel Lujan Jr., in 1989.

8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Bush: Ann Veneman was the first woman to hold the position.

Obama: Thomas J. Vilsack is a white man.

Once again, former President Clinton gets kudos for appointing the first Black person, Mike Espy, to the post.

9. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Bush: Donald Evans (2001–2005), Bush's close friend, was a white man, and Carlos Gutierrez (2005–2009) was the first Latino to hold the post.

Obama: Former Washington Gov. Gary Locke, Obama's third pick for the job, is the first Chinese American to hold the post.

Obama's first choice was New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, a Latino, who bowed out under pressure. Obama's second pick, Republican Sen. Judd Gregg, withdrew his name because of ideological differences with the administration.

Former President Jimmy Carter appointed the first woman, Juanita Kreps, back in 1977.

10. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bush: Elaine Chao (2001–2009), the only Cabinet member in Bush's administration to stick around for both terms, was the first Asian American in the position.

Obama: Hilda Solis (2009–present) is the first Latina in the position.

11. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Bush: Both Tommy G. Thompson (2001–2005) and Mike Leavitt (2005–2009) were white men.

Obama: Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius is a white woman.

Carter appointed the first woman, Patricia Harris, to the post. She was also the first Black woman to hold the post, not to mention the first Black woman to hold ANY Cabinet position.

The senior Bush appointed the first Black man, Dr. Louis Sullivan, and former President Clinton appointed the first Arab American to this office, Donna Shalala.

12. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Bush: Melquiades Rafael Martinez (2001), a Cuban American, Alphonso Jackson (2003–2008), a Black man, and Steven Preston (2008–2009), a white man.

Obama: Shaun Donovan (2009–present) is a white man.

13. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Bush: Norman Mineta (2001–2006) was the first Asian American to hold this position. Mary Peters (2006–2009) is a white woman.

Obama: Obama's pick, Ray LaHood, is a white man.

William Coleman, a Ford appointee, was the first Black man in 1975. In 1983, Elizabeth Dole, a Reagan appointee, became the first woman. And former President Clinton tapped Federico Pena, the first Latino in this office.

14. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Bush: Former Michigan Sen. Spencer Abraham (2001–2005) is an Arab American.

Obama: Obama's pick, Nobel Prize winner Steven Chu, is Chinese American.

Former President Bill Clinton appointed the first woman, Hazel O'Leary, in 1993, and the first Latino, Federico Pena, in  1997. George Bush appointed the first Arab American, Spencer Abraham, in 2001.

15. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Bush: Rod Paige (2001–2005) was the first Black person to hold this job, and his successor, Margaret Spellings (2005–2009), is a woman.

Obama: Obama's choice, Arne Duncan, is a white man.

Shirley Hufstedler, the first secretary of education, is a woman. She was in Carter's Cabinet. Laura Cavasos, a Reagan and senior Bush appointee, was the first Latina.

16. DEPARTMENT OF VETERAN AFFAIRS

Bush: Anthony Principi (2001–2005), Jim Nicholson (2005–2007) and James Peake (2007–2009) are all white men.

Obama: Eric Shinseki is the first Asian American in this office.

Jesse Brown, a Clinton appointee, was the first Black person to hold the position. No woman has ever been appointed.

17. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Bush: Since its inception in November 2002, both secretaries have been white men: Tom Ridge (2003–2005) and Michael Chertoff (2005–2009).

Obama: His pick, former Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano, is the first woman.

18. COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS

Bush: R. Glenn Hubbard (2001–2003) and Harvey Rosen (2003–2005), both white men.

Obama: Christina Romer is a white woman.

19. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Bush: Former New Jersey Gov. Christine Todd Whitman (2001–2003) is a white woman; Michael Leavitt (2003–2005) and Stephen Johnson (2005–2009) are both white men.

Obama: Lisa Jackson is the first Black person to head the agency.

20. OFFICE OF BUDGET MANAGEMENT

Bush: Mitch Daniels (2001–2003), Joshua Bolten (2003–2006), Rob Portman (2006–2007) and Jim Nussle (2007–2009) were all white men.

Obama: Peter Orszag is also white.

21. U.S. TRADE REPRESENTATIVE

Bush: Robert Zoellick (2001–2005) and Robert Portman (2005–2006) are both white men, and Susan C. Schwab (2006–2009) was the second woman to hold this position.

Obama: Dallas' first Black mayor, Ron Kirk, is the first Black person in this job.

The senior Bush picked the first woman in 1989: Carla Hills.

22. U.S AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS

Bush: Quite a few. The revolving door of U.S. ambassadors during the Bush years included John Negroponte (2001–2004), a white man; Jack Danforth (2004–2005), a white man; Anne Patterson (acting, 2005), a white woman; John Bolton (2005–2006), a white man; Alejandro Wolff (acting, 2006–2007), a white man, and finally, Zalmay Khalilzad (2007–2009), the first Afghan American and Muslim to hold this—or any other position—in a U.S. administration.

Obama: Susan Rice is the first Black woman to hold the position.

In 1977, Carter appointed Andrew Young to serve as the first Black person in the position.

Jeane Kirkpatrick, appointed by Reagan in 1981, was the first woman.

23. WHITE HOUSE CHIEF OF STAFF

Bush: Andrew Card (2001–2006) and Joshua Bolten (2006–2009).

Obama: Rahm Emanuel.

Only white men have held this position.

Read "How Diverse Are Obama's Cabinet Choices?" for more on the diversity of Obama's Cabinet.

Your opinions and thoughts...
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
"Looked at through this lens, Obama's administration does indeed seem top-heavy when it comes to white men. But pure numbers don't tell the whole story here." Pure numbers rarely tell the whole story, but numbering, categorizing, comparing and scoring organizations on the basis of skin color, sex, and other outward appearances is the whole story for you Diversity mongers, isn't it? Color of skin, or content of character, which one is this article about? Flowerplough .
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
I don't think that his cabinet looks top heavy at all. I think that it is probably the first time the cabinet has not been over 50% white men. I think that his cabinet is a good representation of America, which, according to the census beareu in 2000 is 47% white..
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
Why is it when people criticize diversity, they always start with the premise that the black/female/latino/asian is unqualified for the job, presuming the only qualification is the particular ethnicity/color/gender. That's not what it is about at all - it's about considering the most qualified of everyone and not having ethnicity/color/gender be an eliminating factor. It's also about recognizing that people with different experiences based on their ethnicity/color/gender enrich the process and bring new or different ways of looking at things. You need to get out more and talk to other people. .
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
I cannot recall the news reporter's name; however, as Obama was putting together his Cabinet, one reporter commented something along the lines of "Look at all that Diversity....and not a token in the bunch. How did he do that?" It is what we Diversity & Inclusion Leaders have been saying all along. Tokens, as some like to call them, haven't existed for some time now. The idea that you cannot find diverse candidates in all demographics who posses the knowledge and leadership capabilities of our White counterparts is not only archaic thinking but quite insulting. Bravo Obama for helping us, as a nation, move closer to a more diverse and inclusive society at all levels....
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
Thanks DI for painting this picture. If they haven't already done so, wish the major news outlets (CNN, FOX, MSNBC, etc.) would report this!.
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
This article was very illuminating!.
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
I truly look forward to the day when I see comparison of qualifications and accomplishments......... not sex and ethnicity..
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
I don't believe Bush should get horrible scores for diversity when it comes to his cabinet compared to previous presidents. If you look at the highest profile positions, he does pretty well. However, this new administration shows there was still a ways to go. It might be interesting to explore this more in depth at other political appointments, and maybe go back through previous presidents..
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
If everyone is looking towards getting diversity in all aspects of life, then why isn't there diversity in all professional sports? .
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
What all of this means to me is that we are moving towards a nation where "...the color of a man's skin is of no more significance than the color of his eyes." That's a direct quote from Haile Selassie, and it applies to us all, regardless of color, nationality, gender, etc. There may be a day when we no longer need to report such things because it will no longer be meaningful..
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
Thank you for this analysis. I have also heard that President Obama has done a good job of including the LGBT community and people with disabilities. Can you confirm these dimensions of diversity are also well represented and contrast with Bush Administration? (Not sure if data available, but it would be interesting). .
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
No mention of other Clinton firsts....Ronald H Brown - Black Male Sec'y of Commerce and Hazel O'Leary Black female Sec'y of energy.
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
This is a very informative analysis, but in my view, Mr. Obama's cabinet could have included more African Amerioans. I also was not impressed with his Supreme Court pick as there are a number of African American females who would have served us well in that role. Considering that we have never had one, I would have liked for President show more consideration to an African American female. .
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
I agree that the diversity of cabinet positions is important when applying human rights principles of full inclusion. I have followed Obama's appointments with appreciation for his ability to carry out this intention. My concerns are fixed on the current administation's slow pace of replacing Bush appointees to key administrative and managment posts in key departments of government that consistently failed to live up to their responsibilities to the public under the Bush administration. These department include: Education, FEMA, Health, and Justice. In the state of California, and I believe elsewhere in the antion, we have not seen any administrative or managment turnover within these beauracracies.The Justice Department is just one example where we have not we seen a return of staffing to prior norms so that we can address the erosion of civil rights guarentees in education, housing, employment, and criminal justice. As a result we have not seen an improvement in claims processing, case reviews, mediations, or cases brought to prosecution. Duing the Bush adminsitration our nation experienced the most significat erosion of support and funding for human and civil rights movement in modern history. We all know that the number of human rights NGOs has deminished by half and the paltry number of cases prosecuted by the DOJ barely warrants its existence. We have also read about the Bush administrations hiring of the minimally qualified to perform the work of the Justice Department. In the last 10 years access to DOJ Community Relations staffing has dwindled down to less than one (1) agent per state. We also know the data on the data on the re-segregation of public schools, the explosion of charter and private schools; the impact of zero tolerance policies in schools, and the unfunded"No Child Left Behind" initiative. As a result of the Bush administrations policies schools are not safer schools and students are not performing better. Instead we have considerable data on the disproportionate push out, drop out and school discipline of the most vulnerable students who are poor, minorities and LGBT. We should all be concerned about the expanding partnership between the conflicting missions of law enforcement and school administrion. This partnership is fraught with potential civil rights violations that demand increased public scruitiny and our withdrawal from fear based policies in schools. Schools should not be a pipeline for prisions and the distrution of overly stressed families. Then there is FEMA and Katrina, and health care and product safety. Until we hire people to do the work that that Bush appointees disdained, we will continue to have a government that caters to government cynics and corporate interest over the public good. Let look deeper at the work of this administration. Diversity in leadership is good, but committment to quickly employing people that understand and value the work of government on behalf of the people is even better. Delorme.
Posted Monday Nov 2, 2009 by Guest;
Iagree that it would have been nice to see an African American female selected for the Supreme Court. Lonnie Gunyear was nonminated be President Bill Clinton but she wasvoustedv as too radical. Sadly the Justices who have been clueless regarding their own racist views are nominated and confirmed. Clearly a very subtle double standard. One for white and one for other racial and/or ethn groups. Also Bill Clinton also appointed the first African Ammerican female, Sharon Farmer, as White House photographer. In his second term,he promoted her to Director, also a first. Asian and Latino females seem to surpas African American females in professional positions even when their qualifications are better. Why? Can we find out other attorneys who are African American and/or Asian who had equivalent credentials as Sotomeyer? Thank you..
Posted Tuesday Nov 3, 2009 by Guest;
I think the question is: How many Mao, Fidel, Chavez, and Farakand supporters are in the Obama White House. How many that Hate America and The Constitution are part of the group. NEVER IN OUR HISTORY HAVE WE HAD SO MANY HATERS OF AMERICA IN OUR GOVERNMENT. .
Posted Tuesday Nov 3, 2009 by Guest;
Why is race, color, and sex important at all? Why not hire people based on ability alone? For the government to hire anybody based on anything other than ability is unethcial and immoral. The very idea of "diversity" is nothing more than "feel good rhetoric," it offers nothing of value to anybody other than inept individuals hoping to ride their race, color, or sex into a job because they lack the ability (credentials) to get the job on merit..
Posted Wednesday Nov 4, 2009 by Guest;
Your chart is messed up. When you add up all of Obama's Cabinet you get 112% when you add up Bush's you only get 103%..
Posted Tuesday Nov 10, 2009 by Guest;
Everybody rigs things for Obama, sort of like the Dynamite Peace Prize. The bottom line is the whold diversity thing is totally misguided. Unity of purpose, content of character, and demonstrated ability are the only things that really matter. Everything else the kind of rank hypocrisy that declares that to end bias we must institutionalize it. This is madness. Just ask the families of those killed at Ft. Hood because diversity policies would not permit leaders to remove a troublemaker from their midst..
Posted Tuesday Nov 10, 2009 by Guest;
When you compare the percentages in this article to the most recent actual percentages of the population, white men, African-Americans and Asian-Americans are way ahead. White women and male and female Latinos still have a long way to go. And there is no mention - and therefore I presume, no representation, it seems, of tiny groups such as Native Americans and Alaskans. It may be "more" diverse than Bush's cabinet, but it still has a long way to go. In addition, the measures of diversity are so unclear as to be meaningless. And qualifications do matter, even if voters act as if they don't. .
Posted Thursday Nov 12, 2009 by Guest;
The most important group was left out --- "racsist" In that catagory, Obama is ahead by two. Attorney General, Eric Holder and Supreme Court Nominee (now confirmed), Sonia "I'm Better Than White Men" Sotomayor. Holder REFUSES to go after the two New Black Panther members who threatened voters with bats on Election Day 2008, while hurling racial slurs at people. They were caught on tape, arrested, charged and convicted, only to have Holder force the government to dismiss charges. Why, Eric Holder? Why? Take a guess. Sotomayor........what can I say? A white male plaintiff, or defendent in her courtroom is like blindfolded and bound matador in the ring with a mean bull --- "good luck, pal" is all that we can say..
Posted Sunday Nov 15, 2009 by Guest;
How many of these people did not attend a ivy league school? .

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